Apparatus for rectifying and dephlegmating vapor mixtures.



. PATENTED SEPT. 10, 1907.

J; J. PONOMAREW. APPARATUS FOR. REGTIFYINGAND DEPHLEGMATING' VAPORMIXTURES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB-25. 1907.

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EEEEEEEE quality, for instance through laterally arranged swans- UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

APPARATUS FOR RECTIFYING AND DEPHLEGMATING- VAPOR MIXTURES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 10, 1907.

Application filed February 26, 1907. Serial No. 359,274.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHANN JAKOWLEW PONOMAREW,

a subject of the Emperor of Russia, residing at Terskaja Oblast, Grosny,in the province of Caucasus and Empire of Russia, have invented new anduseful Improvements in Apparatus for Rec'tifying and Dophlegmating VaporMixtures, of which the following is a specification.

. My invention relates to improvements in apparatus designed forrectifying and dephlegmating vapor mixtures.

In the apparatus constructed according to my said invention the vapormixture comes as little as possible in direct contact with thecondensate, the multiple separation and production of condensates ofdifferent quality may be effected and the condensate itself may beemployed as a cooling agent acting on the counter-' current principleand at the same time again repeatedly distilled and dephlegmated. Forthis purpose the vapor mixture passes in succession through a number ofgroups of tubes, which are separated from each other by inclinedintermediate partitions arranged in pairs and extending partially one.over the other. The lower ends of the several tubes pass through thebottoms of the chambers, wherein these combinations of groups of tubesand inclined partitions are inclosed. The condens-ate is conducted fromthe tubes of each group into the chamber for the preceding tubes, and asthe upper ends of the groups of tubes are detached, the condensate canfill up the spaces between the tubes so as to serve as a cooling agentfor the vapors passing upwards through the tubes. Accordingly it ispossible to withdraw at will from each chamber a condensate of definitenecks provided with cocks. The chambers may however also be furnishedwith overflow pipes, through which the excess, after filling thechambers up to the overflow level, is conducted into the precedingchamher, so that the condensate passing successively through all thepreceding chambers, acts as the counter-current to the vapor, thuscooling the latter and becoming at the same time heated again.

In the accompanying drawing I have represented a preferredconstructional form of my improved apparatus.

Figure 1 is a diagram showing the whole apparatus partly in verticallongitudinal section and partly in elevation. Fig. 2 is a verticalsection through an element of the same. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectionon the line 3-3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line 44of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is'a diagram, showing a perspective view of theinclined intermediate partitions. Fig. 6 is, a vertical transversesection of the upper chamber of the apparatus with a water coolingdevice.

It is expedient tosurround the superposed chambers A for the groups oftubes with a casing B of insulating material (Fig. '1).

The combined systems of groups of tubes and inclined intermediatepartitions are arranged in the chambers A (Figs. 1 to 4). The tubes K ofequal length stand upright; they are open above and below, and theirlower ends pass through the bottom L of the corresponding chamber. Aboveeach group of tubes I arrange a twopart inclined intermediate partitionD D}, the upper or more elevated part D of which extends at a shortdistance d from the lower part D a little over the latter,

this second part having at its lowest point a slot-shaped aperture d.'One or more tubes K of the groups, which are opposite to theseapertures d, are shorter than the others. They determine the level ofthe liquid in the chambers A and serve as an overflow for the collectingcondensate or phlegm.

The improved apparatus differs from the dephlegmating or rectifyingapparatus heretofore known in that the vapors come in contact with thephlegm as little as possible. This is accomplished, because of- 1. Thearrangement of the inclined intermediate par- 4 titions D D extendingpartly one over the other and placed above the several groups of tubes,whereby the phlegm, dripping down in the form of a thin layer over thepartitions, offers only a slight resistance to the vapors rising fromthe tubes. This resistance may be entirely obviated in case the dripedge of the upper part D of the intermediate partition is made in theshape of the inclined two-part intermediate partitions D D from passinginto the interior of the tubes.

3. The large evaporating or cooling surface of the groups of tubesenabling an intense and complete rectificatibn of the phlegm and of thevapors to be effected; and 4. The vaporsnot having to pass any layer ofthe phlegm or condensate'collecting at the bottom of the chamber, sothat the several unrectified parts of the phlegm. are not liable to becarried away or spurted.

All this helps to enable the distillation to proceed regularly withoutjerks and without agitation.

The vapors of the distillate pass through the inlet pipe E into thechambers A, which may for example be superposed (Fig. l). Thecondensation of such parts of the mixture as can be condensed moreeasily takes place at the walls of the tubes. The condensate runs downat the inner walls of the tubes on to the intermediate partition D D,over which it passes to the aperture d, in order to enter the chamber Abelow for the preceding group of tubes K where it collects. The vaporspass upwards through the space d between the parts D D of theintermediate partition and through the condensate dripping over thesame. The diameters of the several tubes are such that the condensatedripping into the same cannot exert any pressure upon the rising vapors;it will also be freed from its lighter parts by the respectivetemperatures of the vapors and of the phlegm collecting between thetubesin the chamber and will be dephlegmated as it were in dripping down.

In case the phlegm is not separately withdrawn during the working fromthe chambers A containing the tubes throughthe swans necks R furnishedeach with a cock H, the said chambers will become filled up to the topof the overflow tubes K, the excess passing through these overflow tubeson to the bottoms D D and through the aperture (1 into the precedingchamber A until it has flown through all the chambers and returns fromthe lowest chamber in the heated condition into the distillingapparatus, in order to be evaporated again. The condensate flowing backbecomes not only preliminarily heated for the repeated evaporation, butforming the counter-current acts also as a cooling agent upon the vapormixture. By this reciprocal action the condensation is promoted and fuelfor the distilling apparatus is saved. This reciprocal action isparticularly intense in the present combination of groups of tubes.

The outlet tubes R with the cooks H are so constructed and arranged thatin the discharge of the phlegm through them the phlegm will alwaysremain at a certain level in the chambers A. If the phlegm is to passthrough the overflow tubes K into the lower chambers the cocks H areclosed. The level then rises and the condensate can flow off through Kwithout hindrance. The siphoning through the discharge tubes R isrendered impossible by making them of suitable diameters.

When stopping the working the several chambers A are emptied throughwater gage cocks or special cocks arranged immediately above the bottomof the chambers.

At the commencement of the working the several chambers are filled withthe product to be distilled.

The uppermost chamber is cooled by the phlegm conducted through the tubeU from the dephlegmator S. As shown in Fig. 6, the uppermost chamber Amay also constitute a condenser comprising a number of tubes inclosed ina chainber and passing above and below through the two bottoms L and L;in the intermediate spaces the water inclosed by the bottoms circulates,being admitted through the inlet tube U and leaving through the outlettube U by Letters Patent, is-

What I claim as my invention, and desire tosecure 1. In apparatus of thecharacter described, superposed chambers, bottoms closing these chambersbelow, groups of upright tubes open above and below, the lower ends ofthe tubes of each group extending through the bottom of the chamberinclosing such group, and inclined intermediate partitions consisting oftwo parts extending partially one over the other, the lower part havingan aperture at its lowest point.

2. In apparatus of the character described superposed chambers, bottomsclosing these chambers below, groups of upright tubes open above andbelow, the lower ends of the tubes of each group extending through thebottom of the chamber incloslng such group, overflow tubes provided ineach group of upright tubes and having a shorter length than the latter,and inclined intermediate partitions consisting of two parts extendingpartially one over the other, the lowerpart having an aperture at itslowest point.

3. In apparatus of the character described, superposed chambers, bottomsclosing these chambers below, groups of upright tubes open above andbelow, the lower ends' of the tubes of each group extendingthrough thebottom of the chamber inclosing such group, and inclined intermediatepartitions consisting of two parts extending. partially one over theother, the lower part having an aperture at its lowest point, and agutter extending over nearly the whole lower edge of the upper part ofsaid partition.

4. In apparatus of the character-described superposed chambers, bottomsclosing these chambers below. groups of upright tubes open above andbelow, the lmvei-cnds of the tubes of each group extending through thebottom of the chamber inclosing such group, swan's necks connected withthe lower part of the aforesaid chambers and adapted to be closed, andinclined intermediate partitions consisting of two parts extending:partially one over the other, the lower part having an aperture at itslowest point.

5. In apparatus of the character described, superposed chambers, bottomsclosing these chambers below, groupspf upright tubes open above andbelow, the lower ends of the tubes of each group extending through thebottom of the chamber inclosing such group, overflow tubesprovided in-JOHANN J. I'ONOBIAREW.

Witnesses ANATOLE AL. AoLi'rzKi, SERGEI FREIMANN.

